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Definition · Programs and measures

Proportion of Days Covered (PDC)

PDC is the medical abbreviation for Proportion of Days Covered, the standard measure of medication adherence. It is the percentage of days, from a patient's first fill to the end of the measurement period, that they had the medication on hand based on pharmacy claims. A PDC of 80% or higher is the usual adherence line for most chronic medications.

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What PDC is

PDC is a claims-based adherence measure defined by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance. For a drug or drug class, it divides the days a patient had medication on hand by the days in their treatment period, which runs from the first fill to the end of the measurement year. A patient needs at least two fills on different dates to be counted.

The threshold is 80% for most chronic medications. Part D Star Ratings use PDC for statins, RAS antagonists, and diabetes medications, excluding hospice and ESRD patients. Those three measures are weight 3 in the 2027 Star Ratings. CMS finalized a sociodemographic status (SDS) risk adjustment for them starting with the 2028 Star Ratings (CY2024 MA and Part D final rule, CMS-4201-F, April 12, 2023). CMS has not posted the 2028 weights. Consultant analyses from Wakely and RISE expect weight 1 for 2028 and a return to weight 3 for 2029, so treat the 2028 weight as expected, not final.

PDC moves when patients refill on time, and that usually means solving a barrier: cost, transportation, side effects, or confusion. Rivvi runs refill and adherence outreach as two-way conversations and routes clinical questions to a pharmacist by warm transfer or task. "In just 3 months with Rivvi we're already 2 to 3 points higher on medication adherence," says Jennifer Saddanathan, PharmD, Director of Care Management at Southeast Medical Group.

Questions

PDC, answered

How is PDC calculated?
PDC equals the number of days in the treatment period covered by the medication, divided by the number of days in the treatment period, as a percentage. The treatment period starts at the first fill and ends at the end of the measurement year, death, or an enrollment gap. The first fill must come at least 91 days before the period ends.
What is a good PDC score?
80% or higher is the standard threshold for adherence to most chronic medications; PQA uses 90% for antiretrovirals. Medicare Part D Star Ratings count the share of eligible members who reach 80% for statins, RAS antagonists, and diabetes medications.
How is PDC different from MPR?
Both estimate adherence from fill data. The Medication Possession Ratio adds up days supplied and can exceed 100% when patients refill early. PDC counts each covered day once, so overlapping refills cannot inflate it. That makes it more conservative, and it is the measure CMS uses in Star Ratings.
What is a PDC fail date?
The fail date is the last day a patient can refill and still finish the year at 80% PDC. Once it passes, no amount of later adherence fixes that measure for the year. Teams prioritize outreach by fail date and start weeks ahead to leave room for pharmacy and patient delays.

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